“These three oral agents have been shown to help delay the spread of cancer by about two years and improve the patients’ life expectancy by another year. Dr Tan explains: “Basically, you are tightening the controls and preventing the cancer cells from having any testosterone to stimulate cancer growth.” However, a new standard of care for nmCRPC patients includes three types of oral treatments, known as novel hormonal agents, that act more strongly on androgen receptors within the body and cancer cells. However, the majority of patients will develop resistance to ADT after about two years of treatment, and will have rising PSA levels in their blood tests. In these men, they are typically treated with ADT for their cancer recurrence.ĪDT is usually administered as three to six-monthly injections.
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However, their cancer has relapsed (which is usually detected through a blood test that measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a protein produced by both cancerous and non-cancerous tissue in the prostate, and released into the blood). Typically, they would have been diagnosed initially with localised prostate cancer, and had already undergone treatment such as surgery and/or radiotherapy. Patients suffering from nmCRPC tend to be still active and often do not display disease symptoms. When one is diagnosed with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), it means that the cancer has become resistant to ADT but there is no detectable spread outside of the region of the prostate gland.